ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE (AMH) Test
Overview
The Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) test is a blood test that measures the level of AMH in the serum. AMH is a hormone secreted by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles in females and by the testes in males. In clinical practice, AMH is primarily used to evaluate a woman’s ovarian reserve, which refers to the number of eggs left in the ovaries.
AMH plays a key role in reproductive health, and its levels provide valuable insights into fertility potential, menopause prediction, and certain reproductive disorders.
Purpose of the AMH Test
The AMH test is commonly used to:
Assess ovarian reserve (egg supply)
Predict menopause onset
Evaluate response to fertility treatments
Diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Help detect ovarian tumors (especially granulosa cell tumors)
Assess gonadal function in infants or males with disorders of sex development
Sample Type
Serum (collected via a standard blood draw)
Understanding the Results
AMH Level Interpretation
High May indicate PCOS or high ovarian reserve
Normal Healthy fertility potential and ovarian function
Low Suggests diminished ovarian reserve, may impact fertility or indicate approaching menopause
🧠 Note: AMH levels do not fluctuate significantly during the menstrual cycle, making it a reliable test at any time.
When Is It Ordered?
Doctors may order an AMH test when:
A woman is considering IVF or fertility treatment
Assessing fertility potential, especially with age or irregular cycles
Diagnosing PCOS or evaluating menstrual disorders
Monitoring women undergoing chemotherapy or radiation
Evaluating children with suspected intersex conditions or delayed puberty
Preparation & Procedure
Preparation: No fasting or special preparation needed
Procedure: A healthcare professional collects a small blood sample, which is analyzed for AMH concentration
AMH and Fertility
High AMH: More follicles, potentially better IVF response, but could also suggest PCOS
Low AMH: Fewer eggs, lower chance of conception, especially with advancing age
Very low or undetectable AMH: May indicate premature ovarian insufficiency or menopause
Conclusion
The AMH test is a crucial tool in evaluating a woman's fertility and reproductive health. It provides insights into ovarian reserve, helps guide fertility treatments, and can support the diagnosis of hormonal or reproductive disorders. Always consult a healthcare provider to interpret AMH results in the context of other clinical findings and personal health goals.
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