. AFP-Alpha Feto Protein Sample Type: Serum

This test measures AFP levels in the blood to help detect liver cancer, germ cell tumors, and monitor liver disease. In pregnancy, it's used to screen for fetal abnormalities like neural tube defects or Down syndrome. AFP is normally produced by the fetal liver but may be elevated in certain adult cancers or liver conditions. Blood is drawn from a vein, and no special preparation is usually needed.

By Allschoolabs · August 4, 2025 · 29 views

AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein) – Serum Test
Sample Type: Serum

Purpose:
The AFP test measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood. It is primarily used for:

Cancer screening and monitoring, especially liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) and germ cell tumors

Prenatal screening for fetal abnormalities like neural tube defects and Down syndrome

About AFP:
AFP is a protein normally produced by the fetal liver and yolk sac during development. In adults, elevated levels may indicate certain liver diseases or cancers.

Indications for Testing:

Monitoring liver conditions (e.g., cirrhosis, hepatitis)

Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk patients

Diagnosis and monitoring of testicular or ovarian germ cell tumors

Part of maternal screening during pregnancy (between 15–20 weeks gestation)

Sample Collection & Handling:

Blood is drawn from a vein and serum is separated

No special preparation is typically needed (unless part of a maternal screen)

Normal Reference Range (adults):
< 10 ng/mL (may vary slightly by lab)

Clinical Significance:

Elevated AFP in adults: Liver cancer, germ cell tumors, chronic liver disease

Elevated AFP in pregnancy: Possible neural tube defects, multiple gestation

Low AFP in pregnancy: Possible Down syndrome