Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Sample Type: Serum
Description:
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found throughout the body, but it is most concentrated in the liver, bones, kidneys, and bile ducts. It plays a key role in breaking down proteins and is especially important in processes involving the liver and bone.
Purpose of Test:
The ALP test measures the level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum and is commonly used to:
Evaluate liver function
Detect bile duct obstruction
Diagnose bone diseases (e.g., Paget's disease, bone cancer)
Monitor liver or bone disorders
Normal Range (may vary slightly by lab):
Adults: 44 to 147 IU/L
Children and adolescents may have higher levels due to active bone growth.
Causes of Elevated ALP:
Liver conditions (hepatitis, cirrhosis, bile duct blockage)
Bone disorders (osteomalacia, rickets, bone tumors)
Pregnancy (placental ALP)
Certain cancers
Causes of Low ALP:
Malnutrition
Zinc deficiency
Hypothyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., hypophosphatasia)
Note:
ALP results are often interpreted alongside other liver or bone-related tests for accurate diagnosis.
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