X-ray diffraction (XRD)
XRD Analysis Procedure Summary (Rigaku MiniFlex 600) Instrument Setup: Powered on XRD and set 30 kV, 15 mA, temperature 21–23°C. L…
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Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)
QUANTACHROME NOVA4200e Sample Prep & Analysis – Summary Sample Prep: Weigh sample into cell. Insert cell into heating mantle and s…
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Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)
Sample Preparation Samples were mounted on aluminum stubs using sticky carbon tape and coated with gold for insulation and conduct…
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Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)
The SEM-EDS Phenom Prox, manufactured by Phenom World in Eindhoven, Netherlands, was used for morphology analysis. Samples were mo…
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BIO Portable Gas Analyzer
The RASI700 BIO Portable Gas Analyzer (2016, Eurotron Instruments) was powered on and initialized for 60 seconds, then stabilized…
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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
HPLC analysis was conducted using a Thermo Scientific System with a Star Solvent Delivery System 230, Rheodyne 7125 injector, and…
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X-ray fluorescent (XRF) X-ray fluorescent (XRF)
XRF Analysis (Genius-IF Xenometric): A sample cup was prepared with propylene thin film. Pulverized sample (~5g) was added to one-…
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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
Samples were analyzed using an Agilent 6890N GC system with a 5975 inert XL MS detector and 7683B auto-injector. Separation was do…
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UV Spectrophotometer
The T70 PG Instruments UV-Spectrophotometer was powered on and stabilized before calibration with distilled water and a black body…
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